Travaux tunnel proudhon biography

French politician, philosopher, anarchist and socialist (1809–1865)

For the biography by George Woodcock, see Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (Woodcock biography).

Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (,^[1]; French:[pjɛʁʒozɛfpʁudɔ̃]; 15 January 1809 – 19 January 1865) was a French anarchist, socialist, philosopher, and economist who founded mutualist philosophy and is considered by many to be the "father of anarchism".^[2] He was the first person to call himself an anarchist,^[3][4] using that term, and is widely regarded as one of anarchism's most influential theorists.

Proudhon became a member of the French Parliament after the Revolution of 1848, whereafter he referred to himself as a federalist.^[5] Proudhon described the liberty he pursued as the synthesis of community and individualism.

Some consider his mutualism to be part of individualist anarchism^[6][7] while others regard it to be part o